General-purpose computer has four main components: arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a control unit, memory and input and output devices (collectively known as I / O). These parts are connected by bus, often in groups of wires.
Within each of these parts there are trillions of tiny electronic circuits that can be enabled or disabled via an electronic switch. Each circuit represents a bit (binary digit) data, so that when the circuit is represented by "1", and when you remove represents a "0" (positive logic in the presentation). Circuits are arranged in logic gates, so that one or more districts to monitor the status of one or more other districts.
The control unit, ALU, registers, and E / S base (hardware and often other closely related to these) are collectively known as central processing unit (CPU). Early CPUs were composed of many separate components but since the mid-1970 CPU has traditionally been built on a single chip called a microprocessor.
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